高层建筑火灾多种安全评价方法的比较与分析

Comparison and Analysis of Various Safety Evaluation Methods on High-Rise Building Fire

目前高层建筑兴起,其结构复杂、人员密集等特点导致火灾频发,对人生安全和财产安全构成严重威胁。采用事故树模型、层次分析法和灰色关联度分析法对高层建筑火灾致因进行定性和定量分析,得到导致高层建筑火灾发生因素的综合影响度。结果表明:层次分析法与灰色关联度分析法可靠性较高,且结果具有一致性,能正确评价高层建筑火灾;事故树模型可靠性较低,只能作为定性的安全评价方法;高层建筑的消防设备、人员安全意识和安全疏散是引发高层建筑火灾的最主要因素。

With the rise of high-rise buildings at present,the characteristics of complex structure and density of population pose a serious threat to the life and property safety.In this paper,the accident tree model,AHP and grey relational analysis method are used to analyze the fire causes of high-rise buildings.The comprehensive influence of the factors that led to the fire occurrence of high-rise buildings was obtained.The results show that the AHP and grey relational analysis are more reliable,and the results are consistent and can correctly evaluate the fire of high-rise buildings;the reliability of the accident tree model is low and can only be used as a qualitative safety evaluation method;fire fighting equipment,personnel safety awareness and safe evacuation of high-rise buildings are the main factors causing fire in high-rise buildings.