现代人工髋关节假体材料相关热点问题

Hot issues related to modern hip prosthetic materials

人工假体材料的选择是决定人工髋关节置换术效果的重要因素之一。目前在假体材料方面主要有固定界面、摩擦界面和组配式假体之间的连接界面3种界面。多孔金属改善了生物固定界面骨整合,高交联聚乙烯和复合陶瓷显著降低了摩擦界面的磨损,陶瓷球头的组配式假体能够减轻磨损颗粒及腐蚀问题。但目前这3种界面存在的假体松动、磨损、金属腐蚀问题仍是影响髋关节置换术后中远期效果的最主要因素。文章从以上3个假体界面的角度对人工髋关节假体材料的研究进展进行阐述。

Artificial prosthetic material is one of the important factors determining the effect of artificial hip replacement.There are mainly three types of interfaces in the prosthetic materials:the fixed interface,the friction interface,and the interface between the modular prostheses.Porous metals improve the osseointegration of the biological fixed interface.High crosslinking polyethylene and composite ceramics significantly reduce the wear of the friction interface.The modular prostheses of ceramic ball head can reduce the wear particles and corrosion.However,the prosthesis loosening,wear and metal corrosion are still the most important factors affecting the medium-long term effects of artificial hip replacement.This article reviews the research progress of artificial hip prosthesis materials from the perspective of the three prosthetic interfaces.