5个杏农家品种郑州引种栽培试验初报

Preliminary report on introduction and cultivation of five apricot cultivars in Zhengzhou

针对目前郑州杏生产中品种单一、品质欠佳、产量不高的问题,在郑州地区重点对5个杏农家品种进行引种栽培试验,观察和测定了5个杏农家品种的早果性、适应性、丰产性及果实经济性状等。结果表明:各品种间除树势、树姿、树形、枝条密度及叶片颜色外,其他植株性状差异显著,且各品种间果实性状差异显著。昌黎大紫杏平均树高最大,为6.1m,而房山黄桃杏平均树高最小,为4.1m;房山黄桃杏单株平均产量最高,为90kg,而昌黎大紫杏单株平均产量最低,为40kg;房山黄桃杏平均果重最大,为60.5g,而延庆香白杏平均果重最小,为20.0g;麦黄杏果形指数最大,为1.23,而昌黎大紫杏果形指数最小,为1.04;房山黄桃杏可溶性固形物含量最高,为13.21%,而昌黎大紫杏可溶性固形物含量最低,为10.26%;房山黄桃杏可滴定酸含量最低,为0.83%,而延庆香白杏可滴定酸含量最高,为1.82%;延庆香白杏维生素C含量最高,为14.21mg/100g,而昌黎大紫杏维生素C含量最低,为6.84mg/100g。综合各品种早果性、适应性、丰产性及果实经济性状等几个方面,认为房山黄桃杏最适宜在郑州地区发展,可进一步示范推广,其他4个品种不适宜在郑州地区引种栽培。

In view of the problems of single variety,poor quality,and low yield for the current Zhengzhou apricot cultivars production,the introduction of apricot cultivars was carried out.The early fruiting,adaptability,fertility and fruit economic traits of five apricot cultivars were observed and determined.There were significant differences in plant traits besides tree vigor,tree posture,tree shape,shoot density and leaf color among different cultivars.The maximum average tree height was the Changli cultivar of 6.1 m,and the minimum was the Fangshan apricot cultivar of 4.1 m.The maximum average yield per plant was the Fangshan apricot cultivar of 90 kg,and the minimum was the Changli cultivar of 40 kg.There were significant differences in fruit traits among different cultivars.The maximum average weight was the Fangshan apricot cultivar of 60.5 g,and the minimum was the Yanqing apricot cultivar of 20.0 g.The maximum fruit shape index was the Maihuang apricot cultivar of 1.23,and the minimum was the Changli apricot cultivar of 1.04.The maximum soluble solid content was the Fangshan apricot cultivar of 13.21%,and the minimum was the Changli cultivar of 10.26%.The maximum titratable acid content was the Yanqing apricot cultivar of 1.82%,and the minimum was the Fangshan apricot cultivar of 0.83%.The maximum vitamin C content was Yanqing apricot cultivar of 14.21 mg/100 g,and the minimum was the Changli cultivar of 6.84 mg/100 g.Thus,according to cultivars of early fruiting,adaptability,fertility and fruit economic traits,etc.,the Fangshan apricot cultivar was considered as the most suitable for development in Zhengzhou among the five apricot cultivars,and can be used for further demonstration and promotion,while the other 4 apricot cultivars were not suitable for introduction and cultivation in Zhengzhou.