对海红豆与红豆和相思子的疏分

Differentiation between Haihongdou,Hongdou and Xiangsizi

海红豆是晋《南州异物记》始记载产两广热区的大树;相思子是唐《北户录》始记载的细弱藤本;红豆在唐《资暇集》中有记载,但与相思子有混淆,宋《益部方物略记》的红豆,当系四川有产的乔木。明《本草纲目》始考订海红豆与红豆和相思子为同物,殊误。经对大量文献考证确认:海红豆是豆科含羞草亚科植物Adenanthera pavonina L.var.microsperma(Teijsm.et Binnend.)Nielsen;红豆是蝶形花亚科植物Ormosia hosiei Hemsl.et Wils.;相思子是蝶形花亚科植物Abrus precatorius L.。还对明、清典籍中的红豆木、木红豆、相思木、红豆树(包括滇南红豆和岭南红豆)的原植物进行了考证。

Haihongdou is a kind of arbor growing in the regions of Guangdong province and Guangxi province,first recorded in the book Nanzhou Yiwuji in Jin dynasty.Xiangsizi is a kind of liana,first recorded in the book Beihulu in Tang dynasty.Hongdou was ever recorded in the book Zixiaji of Tang dynasty,but some confusions existed.Hongdou recorded in the book Yibu Fangwu Lueji in Song dynasty should be an arbor originated in Sichuan province.In the book Bencao Gangmu of Ming dynasty,Haihongdou,Hongdou and Xiangsizi were taken as a same plant,which was a mistake.According to archive,Haihongdou should be Adenanthera pavonina L.var.microsperma(Teijsm.et Binnend.)Nielsen,Hongdou shold be Ormosia hosiei Hemsl.et Wils.,and Xiangsizi should be Abrus precatorius L..Also in the paper,textual researches are conducted to indentify the original plants of Hongdoumu,Muhongdou,Xiangsimu and Hongdoushu recorded in the books of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.