鱼雷战斗部装药特点与发展

Research on Charge in Torpedo Warhead

战斗部装药作为鱼雷重要的战技指标,炸药的选择与应用不仅影响毁伤威力,也关系到全雷的安全性。文中分析了鱼雷战斗部爆炸能量释放特点,针对不同的鱼雷战斗部,根据目标特性及雷目交会特点,得出了反舰鱼雷选用高气泡能的炸药,反潜鱼雷选用高爆速高爆压的炸药,反鱼雷鱼雷(ATT)选用高冲击波能的炸药能获得更大的毁伤威力;同时介绍了国内外水中兵器炸药的技术发展与应用情况,从毁伤威力、安全性及装药工艺性等多个角度明确了鱼雷装药的基本需求,并在此基础上,从鱼雷战斗部威力的不同风险程度、不同装备应用时机的角度出发,结合当前不同水中兵器炸药的性能对比,针对不同类型鱼雷主装药选择与应用给出了建议。文中的研究可为鱼雷战斗部及水下炸药研究与发展提供参考。

Warhead charge is an important tactical and technical specification for a torpedo.The selection of explosive type affect the damage power and charge security of the torpedo.In this paper,the energy release characteristics of torpedo warhead are analyzed.According to the characteristics of target and encounter condition,it is educed that the charge in torpedo warhead can release higher damage power if the anti-warship torpedo select high bubble-energy explosive,the anti-submarine torpedo select high detonation-velocity high detonation-pressure explosive,and the anti-torpedo torpedo select high shock-wave energy explosive.And the worldwide development and applications of explosive used in underwater weapons are introduced,the basic need of torpedo charge is determined considering damage power,security and charging technology.Further,in consideration of the degrees of risk of warhead power,the using occasion of different equipments,and the properties of explosive for different underwater weapons,some suggestions about explosive selection and application for different type of a torpedo are offered.This study may provide a reference for the research and development of torpedo warhead and underwater explosive.