论土地经营权的性质

On the Nature of Land Management Right

土地经营权是土地承包经营权中的下位概念,而土地承包经营权本身又具有身份性特征,故土地经营权往往不能自由进入市场而流转,这就造成了"无地者无资格获取土地,有地者无权利流转"的冲突局面,因此有必要实现土地所有权、承包权、经营权三权分置,从而更好地实现"放活土地经营权"的政策目标。而通过对农地三权分置立法模式的选择,将原有的土地承包经营权的具体含义限缩为具有人身性质的土地承包权,而将其中的土地经营权定义为一种新类型的用益物权,这有利于保障土地经营权人的固有利益。

The land management right is the subordinate concept in the land contractual management right,and the land contractual management right itself has the feature of identity.Therefore,the land management right often cannot be circulated into the market,which results in the conflicting situation that"Landless persons are not eligible for land acquisition,while the land owners have no right to transfer it".Thus,it is necessary to separate the powers of land ownership from the contracting rights and the right to operate,so as to achieve the policy goal of"relaxing the land management rights".By selecting the legislative mode of separating the three rights of farmland,the original meaning of the land contractual management contract is supposed to be limited to the land contractual rights with personal nature,and its land management right is to be defined as a new type of usufructuary right,which can protect the inherent interests of land managers.