哈贝马斯与老子:面向生活世界的哲学——试用哈贝马斯的语言学转向论分析老子的消极思想

Habermas and Laozi: philosophy facing the life world——On Laozi's negative thought using Habermas' linguistic turning theory

马克思及法兰克福学派第二代的代表人物哈贝马斯在哲学重构的过程中提出了语言学转向,使得以主体意识性为主的哲学在言语的交往行为中得到了重新诠释。按照哈贝马斯的交往行为理论看来,老子的哲学是非常典型的代表,不仅没有局限于某种先验主义或个人意识,反而是联系诸多现实层面的全方位的哲学思想,从形而上学到确切落实到人生和政治的思想。老子的哲学思想不再是个人的独白,而是有目的与人交往的面向生活的哲学。

Marx and Habermas,the representative of the second generation of the Frankfurt School,proposed a linguistic turn in the process of philosophical reconstruction,which led to the reinterpretation of the philosophy of subjectivity.According to Habermas’theory of communicative behavior,Laozi’s philosophy is a very typical representative;it is not confined to some kind of transcendentalism or personal consciousness,but connected with all-round philosophical thoughts at many practical levels,from metaphysics to the implementation of life and political thought.Laozi’s philosophical thought is no longer an individual monologue,but life-oriented philosophy with the purpose of communicating with others.