中国农业科技政策的历史演进及区域政策重点差异分析

The Historical Evolution and Regional Difference of Agricultural Science and Technology Policy in China

[目的/意义]在区域农业可持续发展的目标下,了解现有农业科技政策的演进规律和区域政策差异,将有利于依据政策目标进行政策调整。[方法/过程]收集和整理了我国7大农业可持续发展区域1996-2016年745份农业科技政策文本,采用文献量化方法,分析了不同区域农业科技政策历史演进及区域政策重点差异。[结果/结论]研究发现,中央与地方的农业科技政策发文时间密集年份和政府联合发文趋势基本保持一致,政策发文单位层级各具特点。农业部、科学技术部以及财政部引领着国家的农业科技创新和技术推广的方向。省科技厅和省政府在区域农业科技发展中起着重要的作用,市政府等部门是主要的贯彻实施部门。在政策工具使用方面,中央政府和地方政府以运用供给型政策工具为主,需求型和环境型政策工具的使用较为不足,不同区域政策工具使用差异较小,不利于实现区域差异化的可持续发展目标。因此,要实现区域农业可持续发展的目标,调整区域科技政策势在必行。

[Purpose/Significance]Under the target of regional agriculture sustainable development,it is necessary to understand the historical evolution and regional difference of agricultural science and technology policy in China,as will help to adjust the policy priorities.[Method/Process]This paper collects 745 agricultural science and technology policy texts from 1996-2016,and uses the method of quantitative to analyze historical development and regional difference of agricultural science and technology policy in China.[Result/Conclusion]The results show that:the trends of issue time and the departments are similar between the central government and local government.But there is vast difference between the number of policy and the level of departments.Ministry of Agriculture,Ministry of Science and Technology,and Ministry of Finance are leading the direction of national agricultural science and technology innovation and technology diffusion.The Department of Science and Technology and the government in provinces play an important role in the development of agricultural science and technology,the municipal government departments are the main implementation department.In the use of policy instruments,supply policy tools are widely used by central government and local governments.Demand and environmental policy tools are used less by central government and local governments.The use of policy instruments is relatively small in different regions.It will not be conducive to the realization of regional differentiation of sustainable development goals.Therefore,regional agricultural science and technology policy must be adjusted.