影响番茄果实大小相关基因的研究进展

Research Progresses on Related Genes of Affecting Fruit Size in Tomato

果实作为被子植物的一种特殊器官,形态变化非常丰富,但其大小变异的分子机制却相对保守.目前,以番茄作为模式体系的研究已经识别出对果实大小具有调控作用的4个基因:fw2.2、fw3.2、FAS和WUS,这些基因分别隶属CNR、CYP78A、CLA和WOX基因家族,并且从细胞分裂次数和子房室数目改变等两个方面来调控果实大小.这些基因及其各自的基因家族在各类植物中广泛存在,起源古老,甚至可以追溯到陆生植物的祖先,并且每个家族成员在功能上均享有高度的特异性,即均可以对植物果实的大小产生影响.

As a special organ,fruit possesses an important function on plant reproduction,plant fruit morphology is highly diverse,the molecular mechanism of regulating fruit size is conserved.Currently,in tomato four genes,fw2.2,fw3.2,FAS,and WUS that belongs to CNR,CYPP78A,CLA,and WOX gene family,respectively,have been identified and considered to affect fruit size by regulating cell division or changing locule number.The orthologues of the four genes and their gene family members exist pervasively in plants kingdom.These genes have ancient origins that could be traced to the ancestor of land plants and shared highly conserved functional characteristics,i.e,they all play essential roles in regulating fruit size.