鱼类母源性免疫和免疫增强剂的跨代免疫作用

Maternal Immunity and Trans-Generational Immune zctivity of Immunostimulants in Fish

鱼类养殖在水产养殖中处于支柱产业地位,然而胚胎(Embryo)和仔稚鱼(Larva)高死亡率一直制约着鱼类养殖业健康可持续发展。越来越多证据表明,病害是导致鱼类胚胎和仔稚鱼死亡的重要原因之一。鱼类胚胎主要依赖于从亲代传递给子代的免疫因子(母源性免疫因子)发挥保护作用。新近,研究发现亲鱼饲喂β-葡聚糖可提高母源性免疫相关分子如溶菌酶和补体因子等在卵子中的含量,从而增强胚胎抵抗疾病的能力,且饲喂β-葡聚糖并不影响亲鱼产卵率和胚胎孵化率。这为提高鱼类胚胎免疫力提供了一条可行途径。

Fish farming is an important industry for high-quality food production in China and in the world.With expansion of the fish farming,there is an increasing demand of the fry.However,high mortality of embryos/larvae is a common phenomenon in fish culture industry,which causes a significant financial loss in aquaculture industries each year over the world.Accumulating data show that diseases are one of the most important causes that result in the high mortality.Fish eggs are in most cases cleidoic,i.e.closed free-living system following fertilization;they are therefore supposed to depend upon the maternal provision of immune-relevant molecules for protection against invading pathogens before full maturation of immunological systems.This inspires us to suggest that the enhancement of the transfer of immune molecules from mother to eggs may be helpful to the disease resistance of embryo/larva in fishes.Recently,we have demonstrated that the immunostimulatantβ-glucan can safely be used to induce the transfer of immune-relevant factors,such as lysozyme,C3 and Bf,from mothers to eggs and enhance the antibacterial activity of the resulting embryos.This indicates that feeding brood fish withβ-glucan can be used as an alternative strategy to improve the immune status and disease resistance of fish embryos.