黄河口及邻近海域浮游植物群落分布特征及与水环境的关系

Distribution of Phytoplankton Community and Its Relationship with Water Environment in the Yellow River Estuary

根据2011—2014年5和8月黄河口及邻近海域浮游植物及水环境数据,探讨了研究海域浮游植物群落的空间分布特征及与水环境的关系。结果表明:调查期间共发现浮游植物108种,隶属于3门46属,其中硅藻门85种,占物种总数的78.7%,甲藻门22种,占20.4%,金藻门1种,占0.9%。5月的浮游植物细胞丰度(2.29×107个/m3)远小于8月(6.83×108个/m3),5和8月浮游植物Shannon-Winner多样性指数(H’)平均值分别为1.79和2.39。通过聚类分析将浮游植物群落和水环境划分为特征差异显著的两个区域(p<0.01):黄河口北部及东部离岸海域(Ⅰ组)和黄河口南部沿岸海域(Ⅱ组)。5月Ⅰ组温度(T)、pH、氮磷比(N:P)和化学耗氧量(COD)显著小于Ⅱ组(p<0.05),而水深(Depth)和溶解氧(DO)显著大于Ⅱ组(p<0.05),Ⅰ组优势种有斯氏根管藻、圆筛藻、具槽帕拉藻和印度翼根管藻,Ⅱ组优势种有斯氏根管藻和圆筛藻;8月Ⅰ组的水深、盐度(S)和透明度(SD)显著大于Ⅱ组(p<0.05),而无机氮(DIN)、COD和石油烃(TPH)显著小于Ⅱ组(p<0.05),Ⅰ组的优势种包括拟扭链角毛藻、佛氏海线藻、角毛藻和旋链角毛藻,Ⅱ组优势种包括柔弱角毛藻、中肋骨条藻、垂缘角毛藻、角毛藻、佛氏海线藻、拟扭链角毛藻和圆筛藻。调查海域水环境因子与优势种丰度的RDA结果表明,影响5月黄河口北部及东部离岸海域和南部沿岸海域浮游植物优势种空间分布差异的主要水环境因子为T、pH和COD,影响8月浮游植物优势种在2个区域分布差异的主要水环境因子有S和COD。

Based on the phytoplankton and water environmental data collected from the surveys in May and August of 2011 to 2014 in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters,this study discussed the relationship between the spatial distribution of phytoplankton community and water environment.The result showed that 108 species which belong to 46 genera of 3 phyla were indentified,among these species,85 were members of Bacillariophyta,22 Pyrrophyta,and 1 Chrysophyta,accounting for 78.7%,20.4%and 0.9%of the total phytoplankton species,respectively.The abundance of phytoplankton in May(2.29×10 7 cells/m 3)was far less than that in August(6.83×10 8 cells/m 3).The Shannon-Winner Index(H’)was 1.79 and 2.39 in May and August.The phytoplankton community and water environment was divided into two zones with significant differences by cluster analysis(p<0.01):the northern and eastern offshore area(groupⅠ)and the southern coastal waters(groupⅡ).In May,the T,pH,N∶P and COD in groupⅠwere significantly lower than that in groupⅡ(p<0.05),while the Depth and DO were significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(p<0.05),the dominant species of groupⅠwere Rhizosolenia stolterfothii,Coscinodiscus sp.,Paralia sulcata(Ehrenberg)Cleve and Rhizosolenia alata f.indica Hustedt,the dominant species of groupⅡwere Rhizosolenia stolterfothii and Coscinodiscus sp.In August,the Depth,S and SD in groupⅠwere significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(p<0.05),and DIN,COD and TPH were lower than that in groupⅡ(p<0.05),the dominant species of groupⅠwere Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus Margin,Thalassionema frauenfeldii,Chaetoceros curvisetus and Chaetoceros spp.,and the dominant species of groupⅡwere Chaetoceros debilis,Chaetoceros curvisetus,Skeletonema costatum,Coscinodiscus sp.,Chaetoceros laciniosus,Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus Margin and Thalassionema frauenfeldii.The results of redundancy analysis between the abundance of phytoplankton dominant species and water environment showed,the key environmental factors influencing the distribution of phytoplankton dominant species were T,pH and COD in May,S and COD in August.