居住证制度与户籍制度改革:北京、上海、深圳的政策解读与对比

Residence Permit System and Citizenization:Policy Interpretation and Comparison from Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen

居住证制度是户籍制度改革进程中一项过渡性制度安排,是社会福利资源的重新配置,体现了福利增进的阶梯性及户籍可转换性。本文通过选取户籍改革难度较大的北京、上海和深圳三个大型城市做典型案例分析,从申请条件、附属福利、居住证与户籍的福利差异、积分入户条件四个方面进行政策解读与对比分析,得出:居住证制度申请条件偏高;实质性福利仍很难突破;户籍转换难度大。以全面实施居住证制度为契机,深化我国户籍制度改革,一是要逐步消除教育、住房及社会保障制度体制性障碍;二是明确各级政府的主体地位与作用,在中央政府主导下建立政府间的利益协调机制。

The residential permit system is a transitional arrangement during the process of the reform of household registration system,which reflects the property of welfare,the ladders of welfare-promoting and the transferability of household register,and a reallocation of social welfare resources. This paper selects Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen as three typical cities,which are meeting more difficulties in the reform of household registration system. Through the policy interpretation and comparative analysis from 4 aspects,including application requirements,ancillary welfare,welfare differences between residence permit status and household registration status,conditions of household registration by accumulated points,this paper draws some conclusions as following: residential application requirement is relatively high; substantive welfare is hard to break through; household register is difficult to convert. To take the opportunity of fully implementing the residence permit system and deepen the reform of household registration system,the China's government is supposed to eliminate systematic obstacles in education,housing and the social insurance system,for the other,ascertain the status and functions of governments and establish an interest coordination mechanism guided by central government.