莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》中的话轮结构与权力博弈研究

A Study on the Turn-taking Structure and Power Gaming of The Merchant of Venice

在莎士比亚的讽刺性喜剧《威尼斯商人》中,"选匣成婚"是一场由女主人公鲍西娅的父亲发起的博弈游戏,其博弈游戏的原初是为鲍西娅选择父亲认为合适的男性为丈夫。鲍西娅仅仅是作为这场男性博弈的客体对象而存在;而随着这场男性的博弈游戏的进行,面对不同的男性参与者,鲍西娅选择了不同的话轮结构建构策略,改变了不同的男性博弈者的博弈地位,建构了不同的话轮结构,自身也隐性地参与到了父权主导的男性权力博弈游戏中,在父权社会文化场域内建构了女性的隐性博弈。然而,由于父权社会文化的限制,无论是哪个男性博弈参与者赢得了这场博弈,鲍西娅建构的隐性博弈的最终结局都不能改变其作为的女性的从属地位。这场男性博弈的最终结局无非也是服务于父权社会男性权力博弈的均衡实现。

In The Merchant of Venice,the plot of choosing caskets is a gaming initiated by the father of Portia the female protagonist. The target of the gaming is to choose an appropriate husband for Portia in accordance with the will of the father. Originally,Portia is only the object of this male gaming. However,in the process of the gaming,confronting different male participant,Portia chooses different strategies to construct different turn-taking structures,change the gaming positions of male participants and accordingly construct different types of turn-taking structures. And by doing that,Portia also becomes a hidden participant in the gaming of masculine power leading by patriarchy and construct a hidden gaming of female in the patriarchal culture field. Nevertheless,due to the leading patriarchal culture,no matter who wins this gaming,the submissive position of Portia as a female won 't be changed. The gaming of masculine power eventually is to achieve a balance of masculine powers in the patriarchal society.