克拉玛依果树腐烂病病原菌鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选

Identification of Pathogenic Fungi of Fruit Trees Canker in Karamay and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria

【目的】提高克拉玛依果树腐烂病生物防治的效率,为相关果树高效生物防治提供科学依据和物质基础。【方法】从克拉玛依林杨的苹果树和李子树腐烂病发病植株及周边采集病灶和土壤样品,分析病原菌及其拮抗菌的筛选及微生物分子鉴定及拮抗效果。【结果】苹果树和李子树腐烂病病原菌均黑腐皮壳菌属(Valsa),其中李子树病原菌涉及该属的两个种:Valsa mali和Valsa leucostoma,而苹果树病原菌仅为Valsa mali。同时获得各类真菌拮抗菌15株,涉及4个属9个种,筛选到具有高效拮抗细菌2株,其最大抑菌圈菌落比分别达到2.11和2.79。【结论】菌株芽孢杆菌B4和B6对果树腐烂病具有较好的抑菌效果,研究报道了李子树腐烂病病原菌,为相关果树的高效生物防治提供了科学依据和物质基础。

【Objective】To improve the biological control efficiency of fruit tree canker in Karamay.【Method】The diseased and soil samples were collected from the infected plants of apple tree and plum tree rot disease of Populus Karamayi.The pathogenic bacteria and their antagonistic bacteria were screened.Additionally,the molecular identification of microorganism and the analysis of antagonistic effect were carried out.【Result】The research showed that the pathogen of apple tree and plum tree rot was both of the genus Valsaa,in which the pathogen of plum tree is related to two species of this genus:Valsa mali and Valsa leucostoma;Valsa mali and Valsa leucostoma led to the plum tree canker,Valsa mali led to the apple tree canker,respectively.15 antagonistic isolates against the fungi were screened and classified in 9 species of 4 genera.Particularly,2 strains displayed high antagonistic activity.The maximum colony inhibition ratio was 2.11 and 2.79,respectively,and microscopic characteristics of the edge mycelia of Valsa Mali around inhibition zone by B6 and B4 indicated that there were significant differences between the two strains in killing fungi.【Conclusion】The pathogen of plum tree canker was reported for the first time.Meanwhile,it provided the basis and material for efficient biological control to fruit trees canker.