贫困农户信贷需求与渠道选择的影响因素研究---基于多重变量不同组群农户的对比分析

The Study on Influencing Factors of Credit Demand and Channel Selection of Poor Farmer Households——The Comparative Analysis on Different Groups of Farmer Households Based on Multiple Variables

本文基于对陕西省宝鸡市693户贫困农户的调查数据,引入农户特征、收入与资产、农户支出、社会资本、家庭金融活动和地区情况等方面的多重变量,将研究样本划分为不同组群,统计描述和计量分析了不同因素对贫困农户信贷活动的影响。研究结果表明:正规金融机构具有甄别和筛选优势,偏向贷款于家庭规模较大、受教育程度较高、申请生产性贷款、从事非农产业、收入水平较高及所持现金更多的农户。非正规金融是贫困农户信贷主要途径,却具有明显的"关系型借贷"倾向。收入水平、资产状况、生产性支出比例是影响贷款需求、正规金融机构支持和贷款金额的共同因素,也是贫困农户短时期难以改变的三方面金融抑制诱因。创新贫困地区农村金融减贫体制与机制,推进贫困地区农村金融发展的包容性和普惠性是金融改革的重要方向。

Based on the survey data of 693 poor farm household in Baoji city of Shaanxi province,the paper introduces multiple variables such as farm household characteristics,income and assets,spending,social capital,family financial activity and the situation of areas,divides the study samples into different groups,and makes a statistical description and metric analysis on the influence of different factors on credit activities of poor farmer households..The results show that formal financial institutions have the advantage in screening and selecting,so they prefer to granting loans to those farmer households with the characteristics of larger family size,higher level of education,applying for productive loans,engaging in non-agricultural industries,higher level of income and holding more cash.Informal finance is the main way to get credit for poor farm households,but it has obvious tendency of“relational borrowing”.Income level,assets status,productive expenditure proportion are the common factors affecting demand for loans,the support of formal financial institutions and the amount of loans,and also the financial repression which is difficult for poor farm households to change in a short term.It is an important direction for the financial reform to make innovations on the system and mechanism of rural financial poverty reduction in poverty-stricken areas and promote the inclusive finance development in poor rural areas.