基于AHP-CVI技术的黄河三角洲海岸带环境脆弱性评价

Environmental Vulnerability Evaluation of Yellow River Delta Coast Based on AHP-CVI Technology

黄河三角洲海岸带位于黄河三角洲高效生态经济区和山东半岛蓝色经济区,受自然和人类活动的共同影响,其生态环境脆弱。对黄河三角洲海岸带进行环境脆弱性评价,可为该地区减灾防灾和生态环境可持续发展提供一定的科学依据。该研究构建了包括自然固有脆弱性因素和人类特殊脆弱性因素的黄河三角洲海岸带环境脆弱性评价指标体系,建立了包含国家标准、专家评定、观测计算数据评定的脆弱性评价指标量化方法,采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,以海岸带脆弱性指数法作为评价模型,基于GIS软件平台对黄河三角洲海岸带区域进行环境脆弱性评价与空间分布格局分析。结果表明:黄河三角洲海岸带环境脆弱性等级主要表现为重度脆弱和极度脆弱(41.2%)、中度(19.7%)、微度脆弱和轻度脆弱(39.1%);由于受人类活动的影响,其脆弱性空间分布格局表现为陆地部分脆弱性高,海洋部分脆弱性低;受植被、围垦面积等因素的制约,陆地部分的脆弱性表现为由陆地向岸线加强,陆地部分为重度脆弱,海岸线一带呈极度脆弱;海洋大部分为微度脆弱和轻度脆弱,但黄河入海口处由于受海水入侵、海岸侵蚀等因素制约呈现中度脆弱。为保持黄河三角洲海岸带环境可持续发展,应在充分保护已有自然固有因素的基础上,减少人类活动对环境的破坏。

The Yellow River Delta coast is located in the efficient eco-economic zone of Yellow River Delta and the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula.The ecology and environment of Yellow River Delta coast is fragile because of being affected by both natural and human activities.The evaluation of the environmental vulnerability of Yellow River Delta coastal zone can provide some scientific basis for the sustainable development of ecology,environment and disaster mitigation in this area.This study constructed the environmental vulnerability index system which included natural inherent vulnerability factors and the human special vulnerability factors,and proposed quantitative method of the vulnerability evaluation index which included national standard,expert evaluation and observation data evaluation.The environmental vulnerability evaluation and the analysis of spatial distribution pattern were based on GIS software platform,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine evaluation factor weights,the coastal vulnerability index(CVI)was used to determine evaluation model,and the cause of vulnerability were analyzed.The results showed that the environmental vulnerability of Yellow River Delta coast presented as follow:seriously vulnerable and extreme vulnerable accounted for 41.2%,moderately vulnerable accounted for 19.7%,slight vulnerable and lightly vulnerable accounted for 39.1%.It could be concluded from the spatial distribution patterns of the environmental vulnerability of Yellow River Delta coast that the land area was stronger and the marine area was weaker because of the influence of human activities.Due to the constrains of the vegetation,reclamation and other factors,there was a worse trend of vulnerability from land to shoreline,the part of land was seriously vulnerable and the coastal zone was extreme vulnerable.The most part of the ocean was slight vulnerable and lightly vulnerable,but the Yellow River estuary was moderately vulnerable because of seawater intrusion and coastal erosion.In order to maintain the sustainable development of the environment of Yellow River Delta coastal zone,we should fully protect the inherent natural factors and reduce the environmental damage caused by human activities.