中国城市发展与湿地保护研究

City Development and Wetlands Protection in China

城市湿地是以自然景观为主的城市公共开放空间,是城市生态环境的重要组成部分。然而在城市化进程中,由于缺乏对湿地的保护,一些不合理的开发行为引起城市湿地面积减少、污染严重、湿地功能退化等问题,城市湿地的保护工作受到国内外的广泛关注。目前中国城市湿地的研究远远滞后于城市的快速发展,保护工作还处于起步阶段。文章从城市湿地的概念及功能出发,明确了中国城市湿地的区域及城市分布,分析了中国城市湿地保护目前在湿地面积、湿地水质、湿地生物多样性以及湿地保护政策方面所存在的主要问题;在肯定近年来中国城市湿地保护所取得的成效基础上,指出目前中国湿地研究中存在的主要问题有:(1)研究方法逐渐增多,研究领域逐步扩大,区域不平衡依然存在;(2)与发达国家的研究相比,技术创新水平较低;(3)定性研究较多,而以模型为工具的定量研究相对较少;(4)对湿地的生态效果研究较多,机理工作研究较少。同时综述了国内外城市湿地修复技术研究进展,列举了湿地模型在国内外湿地监测工作中的应用情况,提出了未来湿地模型研究的发展趋势应与城市生态环境因子结合,通过比较国内外湿地的政策保护,借鉴国外城市湿地保护的成功经验并结合中国的实际国情,展望了中国城市湿地保护的发展方向,使城市湿地资源实现可持续发展。

Urban wetlands are natural open spaces of urban public space,which are important parts in urban ecological environment.However,the protection of urban wetlands has been paid more and more attention at home and abroad in the process of urbanization.Due to the lack of wetland protection and unreasonable development behaviors,urban wetland area reduced and function degradation.At present,China's urban wetland research is far behind the rapid development of cities.The protection work of wetlands is still in its infancy.Based on the concept and function of urban wetlands,this paper analyzes the regional and urban distribution of urban wetlands,the main problems existing in wetland area,wetland water quality,biodiversity and protection policy in urban wetland protection in China.On the basis of confirming the achievements of urban wetland protection in China in recent years,it is pointed out that the main problems in the current wetland research in China are as follows:(1)The research method is gradually increasing,the research field is gradually expanding and the regional imbalance still exists;(2)The level of technological innovation is lower than that of developed countries;(3)The qualitative research is more,but the quantitative study of the models is relatively less;And(4)the ecological effects of wetland research more,while the mechanism of work less research.At the same time,the research progress of urban wetland repair technology is reviewed,and the application of wetland model in wetland monitoring at home and abroad is listed.The development trend of wetland model research should be combined with urban eco-environmental factors.By comparing domestic and international wetland policy protection,drawing on the successful experience of foreign urban wetland protection and combining with China's actual national conditions,the development direction of urban wetland protection in China is forecasted and the sustainable development of urban wetland resources is realized.