养老机构独居老人主观幸福感及影响因素分析

Level of subjective well-being (SWB) of elderly solitary people in pension institutions and its influencing factor analysis

目的调查养老机构独居老人主观幸福感(SWB)现状并探讨其影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表及老年人心理健康自评工具,对成都市3所养老机构的136名独居老人进行调查。结果136名调查对象SWB得分(25.60±8.662)分,心理健康自评得分(40.93±7.26)分,其中93.4%存在轻度及以上心理问题。多元回归分析显示:性别、月收入、婚姻状况、子女看望频率、社会适应是SWB的影响因素,可解释总变异的87.3%。结论养老机构独居老人SWB较低,心理健康状况不容乐观;提升养老机构独居老人SWB需考虑性别、月收入、婚姻状况、子女看望频率等多维因素。

Objective To investigate the level of subjective well-being(SWB)of elderly solitary people in pension institutions and explore its influencing factors.Methods General Data Questionnaire,Scale of Happiness of Memorial University of Newfoundland and Elderly Mental Health Self-assessment Tool were used to investigate 136 elderly solitary people from 3 pension institutions in Chengdu City.Results For 136 research subjects,their scores of SWB were(25.60±8.662)and their scores of MHS were(40.93±7.26).Among these subjects,93.4%of them showed slight or more severe mental problems.Multiple regression analysis showed that sex,monthly income,marital status,their children's visiting frequency and social adaptation were influencing factors of SWB,which explained 87.3%of the total variance.Conclusion The SWB and mental health of elderly solitary people in pension institutions are relatively poor.Multiple factors such as sex,monthly income,marital status and their children's visiting frequency should be considered to promote their SWB.