“同”的词义演变及其语法化机制

The Evolution of the Meaning of “Tong” and Its Grammatical Mechanism

"同"的词义演变路径主要有三条:一是由本义"会合、聚集"义引申出表"相同"义的动词,再演化为表"相同的"形容词;二是在本义的基础上引申出表"齐一、统一"的动词,然后再演化为表"一齐,统一地"范围副词;三是在本义的基础上引申为表"偕同"的伴随义动词,由伴随义动词语法化为伴随介词,再演化为并列连词。同时,在其语法化过程中,转喻、重新分析以及扩展机制在不同阶段起着重要作用。

The evolution with the lexical meaning of“Tong”mainly has three paths:the first path is the original meaning“rendezvous and aggregation”,its extending out of the meaning of the verb“same”,and evolving into adjective“same”;the second path is the original meaning of“tong”extended out of the meaning of the verb“unify”,and then evolved into adjective adverbs of scope“unified”;the third path is the original meaning of“tong”,which is extended to the adjoint verb“accompany”,and its syntactical functions is from adjoint verb to comitative preposition,finally evolving into the coordinate conjunction.At the same time,in the process of its grammaticalization,the syntax,metonymy,reanalysis and the expansion mechanism play an important role in different stages.