煤种变化对燃煤电厂综合经济性影响分析

Analysis about Comprehensive Economic Effect on Coal-Fired Power Plant Caused by Coal Changes

随着电力体制改革的持续深化,燃煤电厂的经营模式已由计划经济转向市场经济,发电厂不得不面对"市场煤"与"计划电"的严峻挑战,燃料成本已成为影响电厂经济性的关键因素。以山西南部某发电厂为研究对象,通过多煤种、多工况试验,定量地分析了煤种变化对锅炉效率、排灰成本、环保成本、检修费用等指标的综合影响,提出用综合标煤单价来全面衡量燃煤的经济性,使燃煤由定性分析变为定量管理,实现燃煤管理的新突破。对燃煤电厂的经营决策、成本分析、燃料管理具有一定的借鉴作用,并能推动企业降低发电成本、提高经济效益。

With the deepening of electric power structural reform,power plants have to face the challenge of“marketized coal price”and“planned power”.The increasing prices of coals make fuel cost become the critical factor of power plant's economy.This paper takes power plants in southern area of Shanxi province as research target.The data from the experiments that based on multiple coal types and different operating conditions of these plants will be used in this paper for the quantitative analysis about the comprehensive effect caused by coal changes on the efficiencies of boilers,the costs of ash discharge,environmental costsand the costs of maintenance.According to the results from quantitative analysis,this paper suggests that coal-fired power plants should implement the comprehensive unit price of standard coal to measure the economy of different coal types and transfer coal's management model from“qualitative analysis”to“quantitative management”,therefore to achieve the breakthrough of fuel management.This paper offers a new approach to improve coal-fired power plants business decision,cost analysis and fuel management.Eventually,it helps these power plants to achieve low operation costs and high economy.