共享单车中的道德风险及其规避

The moral hazard and its elusion in sharing bicycle

2016年至今,共享单车行业一直呈井喷之势,各色各样的共享单车遍布大街小巷,改变了人们的出行方式,解决了"最后一公里"的难题。但同时,由于信息不对称、个人机会主义、缺乏惩戒措施、法律约束滞后与软化等本质原因,道德风险也存在于企业、用户及政府等各个主体中,诸如乱停乱放、私自占用、人为破坏、盲目投放、政府不作为等现象屡见不鲜,使共享单车的治理问题越来越突出。因此,为规避上述道德风险,政府应对共享单车总量进行调节并出台相应法律法规进行约束,企业也应不断进行技术升级并制定行业规范与奖惩机制,同时用户本身也需提升自身道德水平、增强共享意识、互相监督。

Since 2016,the sharing bicycle industry has been in a state of blowout,with various kinds of sharing bicycles arising all over the streets,changing the way people travel and solving the"last kilometer"problem.But at the same time,because of information asymmetry,individual opportunism,lack of disciplinary measures,legal constraints lag and softening,etc.,moral hazard is also found in enterprises,users and governments,such as disorderly stop,private occupation,subjective destruction,blind input,government inaction,etc.,which makes the governance of sharing bicycles more and more prominent.Therefore,in order to avoid the above moral hazard,the government should regulate and promulgate relevant laws and regulations to control the total amount of bicycles.Meanwhile,enterprises should constantly upgrade and develop industry norms and rewards and punishment mechanisms.Besides,users themselves need to raise their own moral standards,enhance sharing consciousness,and supervise each other.