陇南泥娃娃与文献中“摩睺罗”的文化渊源

A Study on the Folklore from the Ceremony of Begging for the Skill of Needle Work and Begging for Child and Clay Dolls in Longnan of Gangsu Province

甘肃陇南保留着古老的泥娃娃与乞巧等形式的原生态民俗活动。文献记载的乞巧民俗中的"摩睺罗",名称虽源自佛教文化,但文化原型以及本质特征与中国本土民俗中的泥娃娃高度契合。由于泥娃娃民俗与乞巧民俗活动均有乞子性质,相同的指向性使得乞巧民俗活动接纳了同样带有乞子性质的"摩睺罗",于是,具有中国传统求子文化特色的泥娃娃借佛教中的"摩睺罗"之名出现在了唐宋之际的乞巧民俗之中。

People in Longnan of Gansu province have been keeping clay dolls and girls as the forms of folk activity since the ancient times.These two kinds of folk customs are independent and unrelated.The“muhura”in Qiqiao folk customs(begging for the skill of the needlework)originates from literature of the Tang and Song Dynasties.The name comes from the Buddhist culture,but the culture prototype is from the clay doll in local customs.Because the core of the mud doll folk and Qiqiao folk activities are begging for a child.The same features of Qiqiao folk activities and the ceremony of begging for the child promote the inte原gration of two cultures.Thanks to the same characteristics of the traditional cultures,the name“muhura”from Buddhism appears in the ceremony of Qiqiao folklore.