土家族图腾与土司音乐互文性阐释

An Intertextuality of the Tujia Totem and the Tujia Tusi Music

作为一种文化现象,民族图腾已经成为当前文化研究和民族音乐研究的主要内容。居住在湘鄂渝黔边邻地带的土家族自古就相信万物有灵,他们认为大自然是有生命、有意识的活物,至今仍然可以在歌舞、戏曲中找到一些与白虎图腾、蛇图腾、洞穴图腾等有关的习俗。纵观土家族的形成与发展历史,我们发现,土司时期的音乐文化与图腾有着千丝万缕的联系,军乐器虎钮錞于的出土成为土家族土司早期音乐活动最显著的标志。土家族图腾与古老神话的延续与传承,音乐活动是一条重要的传播渠道,巫师、乐人与土民群体都参与图腾崇拜的过程,构成了土家族文化传播的多重主体。由于土家族图腾的特殊性,其与土司音乐互文性特质尤为明显,土家族图腾与土家族土司音乐是互文性利用的典范。

As a cultural phenomenon,the national totem has become the main content of the present culture research and the national music research.Since the ancient times,Tujia people living at the edge of adjacent areas in Chongqing and Guizhou have have had a firm belief that all things have spirit.They think that nature has life and consciousness,nowadays,white tiger totem,snake totem,cave custom of totem and the like can be found in some dances and dramas.Throughout the history of formation and development of Tujia nationality,it can be found that music culture and totem of the Tusi period are related,the unearthed instrument tiger button Chun has become the most distinct symbol of the early music activities performed by Tusi of Tujia people.The Tujia music activities play an important role in transmitting Totem and continuity of the ancient mythology and inheritance,even wizards,musicians and native Tujia peoples are involved in the process of totem worship,which constitutes the multiple main body of the Tujia culture transmission.Due to the particularity of the Tujia totem,its intertextuality characteristics with the Tujia totem and the Tujia tusi music appears more remarkable,the Tujia totem and the Tujia tusi music is a case in point for the use of intertextuality.