清代河套地区的土地开垦及与环境变迁关系研究

Research of Land Reclamation and Change of Circumstances of Hetao Area in Qing dynasty

依时间顺序而论,清代蒙地及河套地区的土地开垦大致经历了四个阶段,河套地区因其特殊的地理环境和所处的特殊时代,土地开垦成为其必然。终清之世,土地开垦、移民、水利建设等成为这一时代河套地区的开发与建设的主题,同时也加速了河套地区的进一步开发,使其成为我国北方的重要产粮区。此外,随着清代以来河套地区土地开垦、人口迁移等开发的深入,也给当地自然环境带来了较大的影响,导致清代以来河套地区的自然环境发生了深切的变迁,环境问题及自然灾害等频繁出现,其恶劣影响一直持续至今,这也成为今日河套地区所面临的重要社会问题之一。

According to chronological order,the process of land reclamation of Inner Mongolia and Hetao area in Qing dynasty went through four periods.It is necessary for this area to open up wasteland because of its special geographical environment and particular time.Land reclamation,immigration,water conservancy construction became the theme of exploit and construction at the end of Qing dynasty.In the meantime,Hetao area got further exploration and became upmost grain-producing area in the north.Furthermore,with the development of land reclamation and population migration,the local natural environment was affected greatly,which led to great changes,such as environmental problems and natural disasters.This situation is one of the most important social problems,which Hetao area faces nowadays.