基于小说语体的现代汉语伴随义“X随”类动词考察

A Study of the Comitative Words “X sui”in Modern Chinese Based on the Novel Style

现代汉语中伴随义"X随"类动词出现频率较高,其内部成员在句法分布、语义特征、语用功能方面表现出一些共性。辞书对其差异揭示不够,针对此类词语的专题研究依然空缺。文章试从句法分布、语义内涵、历时演变、认知理据四个层面对伴随义"X随"类动词进行考察。结果发现,在句法分布方面,"伴随"较为独特,"跟随""追随"一致性较高;语义方面,"伴随"强调事物伴随关系,"跟随"和"追随"强调事件伴随关系;历时演变方面,"追随""跟随""伴随"成词时间呈现由早到晚的连续统分布。导致"X随"类动词产生差异的原因在于所跟体词生命度、意志性高低,"X随"类动词主观性高低,以及这二者之间的双向选择机制。这说明人类语言在对客观世界进行临摹之前,已接受了认知的调控与制约。该发现从认知层面进一步充实了以往有关伴随义动词的研究,在语言分析中适用性更广,能够达到以简驭繁的功用。

Witli the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language,the quantity of the stiudent is increasing.Because of the lack of dictionary explanation or class teaching,they often misuse or mix them in face of the similar terms.In this thesis,“X sui”words are studied including“ban sui”“gen sui”“zhui sui”withi multi-angle observations and made explanations from syntax,sem antic,historical evoliution and cognition.In the level of syntax,it’s found that“ban sui”is unique in several respects.In the level of sem antic,“ban sui”expresses comitative relations of different things,“gen sui”and“zhui sui”express comitative relations of events.In the level of historical evoliation,“zhui sui$firstly accomplislied the word formation process,“ban sui”was last.In the level of cognition,the differences of“X su i”words are decided by their own subjectivity,the animacy of the nouns,and the two-way choice betw^een the two mechanisms.This shows that human language has accepted the regulation and control of the cognition before copying the objective world.This discovery furthier enriches the previous stiidies on comitative verlDS from the perspective of cognition,and will have a application simplify the language analysis.