内生性规范与外生性规制的统一——论当代宗教事务的依法管理

Unification of Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation:on Religious Affairs Management under the Law

依法管理宗教事务是世界各国的普遍做法,也是我国依法治国战略的重要组成部分,关系到国家的长治久安,特别是少数民族地区的稳定发展。我国的宗教事务管理已经取得显著成就,但多从外生性规制的角度出发,强调以国法进行规范和管理为主,忽略了宗教自身的管理,对于如何从改革教规、发挥教规的作用这个角度引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应没有给予足够的关注。事实上,宗教事务管理应当包括宏观管理和微观管理两大领域,前者主要依靠国法进行管理,属于外生性规制;后者主要依靠宗教教规进行自主管理,属于内生性规范。我国对宗教事务进行管理开始于佛教,以佛教为例,从佛教教规与国法之间在历史上的内在联系入手,从理论上深入分析教规和国法之间是否存在相互影响、相互吸收的关系,以及如何实现内生性规范和外生性规制的统一,为当前依法管理宗教事务提供理论参考。

The administration of religious affairs according to law is not only a common practice of all countries in the world,but also an important part of our country’s strategy of governing the country,which is related to the long-term stability and peace of the country,especially in the ethnic regions.The management of religious affairs includes two aspects:macro management and micro management.The former mainly relies on the management of state law,which belongs to exogenous regulation.The latter mainly relies on religious rules and regulations,which belongs to endogenous norms.Our country’s religious affairs management can be traced back to Buddhism.This paper will take Buddhism as an example,and start from the historical connections between Buddhism and the state law,to analyze whether there is a mutual influence and absorption between the rules of Buddhism and the state law,and how to achieve the unity of endogenous and exogenous regulation.Our country’s religious affairs management has made remarkable achievements now,but from the exogenous regulation perspective which mainly emphasizes the regulation and management of national law,it ignores the management of the religion itself,and pays less attention to how to guide religion and socialist society from the perspective of reforming the doctrine and to exert the doctrine.This paper attempts to use the rules as an entry point to explore the unity between endogenous and exogenous regulation,and provides theoretical reference for the current management of religious affairs according to law.