我国环保产业投入与产出的空间非均衡性分析

Analysis of Spatial Disequilibrium about Input and Output of Environmental Protection Industry in China

环保产业是我国七大战略性新兴产业之一,加快发展环保产业是促进发展方式转型、提高经济增长质量的重要举措.基于空间非均衡性理论与测算方法,通过构建环保产业投入与产出评价指标,计算了我国环保产业投入与产出的基尼系数,探究了东中西部环保产业投入与产出的空间差异.结果表明,在2000年、2004年和2011年3个时间点,我国环保产业投入水平的基尼系数处于0.3~0.4区间内,呈现出地区间均衡发展的趋势;环保产业产出水平的基尼系数分别为0.33、0.40和0.45,即我国环保产业产出水平的区域差异愈加明显,对经济增长的贡献逐渐呈现出不均衡态势;环保产业投资效率的空间非均衡性明显,2011年基尼系数甚至达到0.72,即投资效率的极不均衡状态.此外,我国东中西部地区在环保产业投入水平方面基本一致,东部和中部地区在环保产出水平方面明显优于西部地区,东部地区在投资效率方面遥遥领先其他区域.基于我国环保产业发展空间非均衡性的特点,提出了加快环保产业发展的政策建议:保持东部地区的环保投入力度,发掘中西部地区环保产业发展的新动力,充分利用产业发展的空间溢出效应等.

As one of seven strategic emerging industries in China,the environmental protection industry should be accelerated to promote the transformation of social development as well as to improve the quality of economic growth.Gini coefficients were calculated based on the theory and measurements of spatial disequilibrium.Spatial differences of input and output between the eastern,central,and western regions were investigated by establishing indicators about input and output of China′s environmental protection industry.The results perceive Gini coefficients of input level range from 0.3 to 0.4,observing a trend of balanced development between regions.Similarly,Gini coefficients of output level are 0.33,0.40 and 0.45,which suggests the regional differences in output level of China′s environmental protection industry are becoming more obvious over time.The contribution of the environmental protection industry has an unbalanced tendency towards economic growth.In 2011,Gini coefficients of input-output ratio increased until reaching an extremely uneven state of 0.72.In addition,the eastern,central and western regions are basically alike in terms of input level.The eastern and central regions are significantly better than the western regions in terms of output level,while the eastern region is far ahead of other regions in terms of input-output ratio.Finally,several policy suggestions that stem from a spatial imbalance of environmental protection industry illustrated,such as ensuring quality and quantity of environmental input in the eastern region,exploring the new impetus in central and western regions,and making full use of the spatial spillover effect.