环境压力下城镇化对我国粮食生产技术效率的影响

Effects of urbanization on grain production technology efficiency under pressure of environment in China

【目的】分析城镇化对不同粮食功能区粮食生产技术效率的影响,为提升我国粮食生产技术效率提出对策建议。【方法】通过数据包络分析(DEA)模型测算2003~2015年我国30个省份的粮食生产技术效率,采用受限因变量(Tobit)模型从人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化3个方面分析环境压力下城镇化对我国粮食生产技术效率的影响。【结果】我国粮食主产区、主销区和平衡区的粮食生产均存在技术无效率的现象。人口城镇化对粮食主产区和平衡区技术效率存在正向影响,对主销区技术效率存在反向作用;土地城镇化只对主销区技术效率具有正向作用;工业"三废"的排放对我国粮食生态环境造成严重影响,不利于技术效率的提升。【建议】发挥区域功能优势,推进专业化生产;推动城镇化进程,发挥其带动作用;加大工业"三废"处理力度,促进农业资源有效利用。

【Objective】Effects of urbanization on grain production technical efficiency in different grain functional areas were investigated to provide suggestions for improving grain production technical efficiency of China.【Method】Data envelopment analysis(DEA)model was used to calculate grain production technical efficiencies of 30 provinces in China during 2003-2015.Limited dependent variable(Tobit)model was applied to analyze effects of urbanization on grain production technical efficiency in China under environmental pressure from the perspectives of population urbanization,land urbanization and economy urbanization.【Result】Grain production technical inefficiency phenomenon occurred in major grain producing areas,grain marketing areas and grain balance areas of China.Population urbanization had positive influence on technical efficiency in major grain producing areas and grain balance areas,but it had reverse effects on major grain marketing areas.Land urbanization only had positive effects on technical efficiency of major grain marketing areas.In addition,the emissions of waste gas,waste water and industrial residue caused serious influence on grain ecological environment,and hindered technical efficiency improvement.【Suggestion】The following suggestions are proposed:giving full play to the advantages of regional function,promoting the specialization of production;promoting the urbanization process,and letting it play a leading role;strengthening the proper treatments of waste gas,waste water and industrial residue,promoting the effective utilization of agricultural resources.