营养液浓度对番茄生长、品质以及耐贮性的影响

Effects of Nutrient Solution Concentration on Growth, Quality and Storability of Tomato

为探索适合番茄生长的营养液浓度,实验以番茄‘天硕308’为原料,采用珍珠岩基质桶栽的方法,研究4种不同Hoagland营养液浓度(S1:1/4S、S2:2/4S、S3:3/4S、S4:4/4S,S表示营养液配方标准浓度)对番茄植株生长和果实品质及果实贮藏保鲜的影响。结果表明:番茄株高增长随生育进程的动态变化符合Logistic生长模型,当营养液浓度为S3时,番茄株高有最大值(124.367 cm),且快速生长持续时间最长;番茄叶片叶绿素含量在生育期呈现"单峰"曲线变化,峰值均出现在开花坐果期;番茄叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量随营养液浓度呈先降后升趋势。番茄果实可溶性糖、番茄红素、VC含量随着营养液浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,S3处理可有效提高番茄果实可溶性糖、番茄红素、VC含量,较S1处理组分别增加40.51%、38.70%和12.72%。贮藏期间,各处理组番茄果实的番茄红素、可溶性糖、VC以及丙二醛含量均呈现先上升再下降的趋势;适宜浓度的营养液采前处理可有效抑制贮藏期间果实硬度的下降,贮藏16 d时果实硬度为:S3处理组(3.593 k/cm^2)>S4处理组(2.843 k/cm^2)>S2处理组(2.740 kg/cm^2)>S1处理组(2.300 k/cm^2)。该研究可为调配营养液浓度、提高果实品质、提高耐贮性提供参考。

In order to explore the suitable nutrient solution concentration for the growth of tomato,the tomato cultivar‘Tianshuo308’cultivated in buckets with perlite substrate was selected as an experimental crop throughout the growth stage.Hoagland nutrient solution at different concentrations(S1:1/4S,S2:2/4S,S3:3/4S,and S4:4/4S;S represents the standard solution concentration)was used in this experiment to explore their effect on plant growth,postharvest fruit quality and storability.Results showed that the growth of tomato plants matched the Logistic curve over time,and the maximum plant height(124.367 cm)and the longest fast-growing period were achieved at S3 concentration.The chlorophyll content showed a single-peak curve at different growth stages,with the appearance of a peak at the blossom and fruit set stages.The contents of proline and malonaldehyde presented initial decrease and subsequent increase with the increase of nutrient solution concentration.In addition,the nutritional quality(total soluble sugar,lycopene,and VC content)of fruit first increased and then decreased.The total soluble sugar,lycopene,and VC content in tomato subjected to S3 treatment increased by 40.51%,38.70%and 12.72%,respectively,when compared with S1 treatment.For all treatments,the contents of lycopene,soluble sugars,vitamin C and malondialdehyde increased first and then decreased during storage.In summary pre-harvest treatment with suitable nutrient solution concentration could inhibit the decrease in fruit hardness;after 16-day storage,the hardness of fruits in four treatment groups followed the decreasing order of S3(3.593 kg/cm2)>S4(2.843 kg/cm2)>S2(2.740 kg/cm2)>S1(2.300 kg/cm2).In conclusion,Hoagland nutrient solution at 3/4S concentration was found to be optimal for the growth of tomato,thereby improving fruit quality and the prolonging storage life.