北斗卫星地球辐射压摄动建模研究

Research on the Earth Radiation Pressure Modelling for Beidou Satellites

在对卫星所受的非保守摄动力研究中,对太阳辐射压摄动建模的研究发展迅速,而对地球辐射压摄动的研究相对缺乏,特别是其对中高轨卫星轨道影响的研究。在高精度人造卫星轨道确定中,地球辐射压摄动对于具有大面质比的导航卫星的影响越来越不可忽略。针对中国北斗导航卫星,基于地球辐射压的原理和影响机制,探讨了地球辐射压摄动建模的方法。针对北斗导航系统特点,利用地球表层的反照率和红外发射率的分布格网数据,建立了精确的地球辐射压模型,并利用全球MGEX站观测数据和中国区域监测站数据,进行了对北斗卫星引入地球辐射压模型的验证试验,分析了其定轨精度,检验了模型的正确性和可靠性。试验表明,对北斗卫星来说,在加入地球辐射压模型ERPM2(Earth radiation pressure model 2)后,轨道精度比不加入地球辐射压模型提高约4 mm;加入ERPM1模型则相应提高约2 mm。对部分卫星,加入地球辐射压模型后,其轨道精度修正量可达5～10 mm。通过卫星激光测距(satellite laser ranging,SLR)检核发现,加入ERPM2模型后,北斗中轨道地球卫星正常姿态时的轨道径向精度提高3.1 cm,GPS 036卫星轨道径向精度改善0.8～1.4 cm。因此,地球辐射压摄动模型在北斗导航卫星高精度轨道确定研究中具有一定的意义。

In the non-conservative driving force of satellites,the study of solar radiation pressure model has progressed rapidly,and the research on the earth radiation pressure is relatively lacking.In the high precision orbit determination,the impact of earth radiation pressure can not be ignored for high area-mass ratio satellites such as the navigation satellite.In this paper,the principle and inuence mechanism of earth radiation pressure are studied,and the method of modeling the earth radiation pressure perturbation is discussed.According to the characteristics of Beidou satellite navigation system,the reectivity of the surface of the earth and the distribution data of infrared emissivity are used to establish accurate earth radiation pressure model.The model for BDS satellites was veri ed and the accuracy and reliability of BDS satellites'orbit were evaluated by the global MGEX station observation data and regional monitoring station data.The experimental results show that the average 1D-RMS of the orbit is decreases by about 4 mm for the ERPM2 model and 2 mm for the ERPM1 model respectively,which orbit accuracy of several satellites has been improved up to 5  10 mm.The results of SLR validation show that adding the ERPM2 model improves the radial tracking of the Beidou MEO satellite orbit by 3.1 cm and improves the radial tracking of the GPS 036 satellite orbit by 0.8  1.4 cm.As a result,the earth radiation pressure model in the precision orbit determination of Beidou navigation satellite need to be paid attention.