三阶层犯罪论体系下的刑事证明问题论析

A Study on the Criminal Proof Issue from the Perspective of Three-Tier Criminal Theory System

我国传统犯罪论体系被认为是一种平面化的、耦合式的理论,无法为证明对象的界定、证明责任的分配以及证明标准的确立提供实体上的依托。而德日刑法理论中的三阶层犯罪论体系下的刑事证明规则,为我国犯罪论体系的改造提供了某种研究思路。三阶层犯罪论体系下,构成要件事实、阻却构成要件事实与阻却违法、责任事实是核心证明对象;证明责任应考虑无罪推定原则在控辩双方进行分配;证明标准应根据证明主体举证能力的差异与证明对象法价值的不同而呈现层次性。

The traditional criminal theory system in China is regarded cannot provide a substantive support for the definition of the object of proof,the distribution of the burden of proof and the establishment of the standard of proof.However,the criminal proof rule of three-tier criminal theory system in German and Japanese criminal law theories provides some research strategy for the transformation of the criminal theory system in China.Under the three-tier criminal theory system,the core proof object includes the constituting element facts,the constituting element deterrent facts,the illegality deterrent facts and the liability deterrent facts.Taking the principle of presumption of innocence into consideration,the burden of proof should be assigned to both the prosecuting party and defending party.The standard of proof should present gradations basing on the difference between the proof ability of the proof subject and the value of the proof object.