论乐语“六体”及其文献意义

On the “Six Body” of Yue Yu and Its Literature Significance

"乐"构成古代最早的教育内容,乐教包括乐德、乐语及乐舞,乐语是结合诗乐而进行的言语应答、阐释训练。乐语"六体"之"兴"是一种联想能力,这种能力的培养与运用都是围绕《诗》而展开。道是讲述"乐"所包含的史事,即以事释诗。讽与诵是诗歌朗读的两种方式,体现在乐语中,就是教授国子如何掌握讽与诵的技巧。言语在于学会如何运用诗来交流,"言"侧重于用诗来表达自己的观点和愿望,而"语"侧重于用诗来回答他人的问题。因此,乐语六体大致可以划分为赋诗、释诗两个层面,由此也形成赋诗文献、释诗文献两类文献。

“Yue”constitutes the earliest ancient education which includes Yue De,Yue Yu and Yue Wu,and Yue Yu is the interpretation of verbal responses and training combined with poetry.“Xing”of the“six body”in Yue Yu is a kind of associative ability.The cultivation and application of this ability are all around the poem.Tao is about historical events depicted in Yue,namely interpreting poetry.Feng and Song,two kinds of poetry reading,are the process of sons of nobles are taught to master the skills of satire and chant.Yan Yu is to learn how to use poetry to communicate,and“Yan”focuses on expressing their views and wishes in poetry,while“Yu”focuses on answering other people’s questions with poetry.Therefore,the six body of Yue Yu can be divided into poetry composing and poetry interpretation which form poetry literature and interpreting poetry literature.