善概念的学术梳理及其科学内涵

The Academic Combing of the Concept of Good and Its Scientific Connotation

善概念内涵的经典性表述主要有孟轲的"可欲之谓善";亚里士多德的"人的善就是灵魂的合德性的实现活动";黑格尔的"善就是合法的福利"等。功利主义关于善是快乐或幸福的观点,多元主义关于善是生命、安全、忠实、感激、自由、正义、和平、自我实现等的观点,罗国杰教授"善就是在人和人的关系中表现出来的对他人、对社会的有价值的行为"等观点,都具有重要的学术意义和价值。根据古今中外关于善概念的经典性论述和国内学者的学术研究成果,我们认为善概念的科学内涵应该是:同时满足人(广义的人)的自然生理需要和社会精神需要的言行事物即为善。

The classical representations of goodness are mainly described by Mencius’“something worth pursuing is called goodness”,Aristotle’s“the goodness of human being is the realization of the virtue of soul”,Hagel’s“goodness is legitimate welfare”,etc.And Utilitarianism views goodness as happiness or well being,while the idea of pluralism about goodness is life,safety,loyalty,appreciation,justice,peace and self realization,and Guojie Luo’s view is“goodness is the behavior that appear in human relationship which is of value to others and society”,etc.All of these views have important academic significance and value.According to the classical concept on goodness both in the past and at present time around the world and academic achievements of domestic scholars,we believe that the scientific connotation of goodness should be that something meeting the people’s natural physiological and social spirits needs at the same time is called goodness.