宋代的匿名书与社会舆论

Anonymous Books and Social Public Opinions in Song dynasty

匿名书,即撰写者出于一定目的、同时刻意隐去姓名或伪造姓名写的书信或揭贴。在宋代,撰写匿名书的有官员、科举考生、吏人、百姓等等,几乎每个群体在诉求自己利益时都可能会采取匿名书这一方式。他们有时将自己所书写的匿名书投递给高级官员、政府机构,或者直接交给官吏,甚至在公众场合张贴匿名书,通过这些方式形成舆论来促使所言之事得到处理。而在匿名形式的保护之下,人们更加毫无顾忌的表达自己的意愿,但是,匿名书有时也会成为负面舆论滋生的滥觞。

Anonymous books refer to letters or notice written by writers for certain purpose with deliberately omitted names or forged names.In Song dynasty,officials who wrote anonymous books,candidates for imperial examinations,officials,people and so on,almost all groups could adopt anonymous books when they appeal to their own interests.Sometimes they will deliver anonymous books to senior officials,government agencies,or directly to the official post.At the same time,they even put up anonymous books in public by forming a consensus on the way to make the matter solved.Under the protection of anonymity,people are more willing to express their wishes.However,anonymous books can become a breeding ground for negative opinion.