大数据时代认知医疗的数据安全伦理透视——以IBM Watson Health为例

Ethical Review on Data Security of Cognitive Medicine in the Era of Big Data:Take IBM Watson Health as An Example

以认知医疗技术领域处于领先地位的IBM沃森健康(Watson Health)为研究对象,探究数据线上及间接获取的知情同意和个体数据隐私保护的复杂性及严峻性,以期对作为一种商业模式下技术革新的认知医疗遭遇医疗信息本身的伦理属性时的个体数据安全及隐私问题保持关注。研究发现,虽然认知医疗与传统大数据医疗均以数据为基础,但前者因其自身的发现、推断、决策及自我学习功能,在扩大了数据获取范围的同时增大了侵犯患者隐私的风险。此风险一方面体现在信息的多次利用及告知内容的模糊及形式的简化上,另一方面体现在由已知信息整合出隐私信息的可能性上。

Taking IBM Watson Health,a leader in technology of cognitive medicine,as a research object,this paper explores the informed consent of indirect data collection online and the complexity and severity of the individual data security and privacy protection.It aims to stay focus on the issues,including the ethical attribute of medical information in cognitive medicine,which is a kind of technological innovation developing under the business model,and to what extent it will influence the security of individual data and privacy of patient.The research shows that although both cognitive medicine and traditional big data in medical care are based on data,cognitive medicine has expanded its access to data and increased the risk of invasion of patients’privacy because of its own discovery,inference,decision-making and self-learning functions.On the one hand,there are risks in extensive use of the information,the unclear contents and simplified form.On the other hand,there is possibility of violating patient’s privacy by integrating the given information.