阿德勒心理治疗对人本主义心理治疗的影响

The Influence of Adlerian Psychotherapy on Humanistic Psychotherapy

人本主义心理学家马斯洛和罗杰斯早年曾受教于阿德勒,其学术思想和临床实践深受阿德勒的影响。阿德勒心理治疗强调人格统一性、主观能动性以及社会文化属性,重视自我意识和自我价值在心理发展中的重要意义,注重探讨人的潜能、价值和发展问题,为人本主义心理治疗发展提供前提条件。在心理治疗理念上,人本主义心理治疗坚持自我整合观,重视内在价值诉求,倡导积极人性观。在治疗实践中,人本主义心理治疗注重治疗关系的建立,将无条件积极关注、真诚一致以及共情列为心理治疗的核心要素。

Humanistic psychologists such as Maslow and Rodgers in their early years were taught by Alfred Adler,their academic thoughts and clinical practices were deeply influenced by him.Adler emphasized the unity of personality,the subjective initiative and the social and cultural attributes,stressed the importance of self-awareness and self-value in mental development,focused on exploring the potential,value and development of human beings,and provided the precondition for the development of humanistic psychotherapy.In the concept of psychotherapy,humanistic psychotherapy adhered to the concept of self-integration,attached importance to the appeal of intrinsic value,and advocated a positive view of human nature.In the practice of treatment,humanistic psychotherapy focused on the establishment of therapeutic relationship,and made unconditional positive attention,sincere agreement,and empathy as the core elements of psychotherapy.