法兰克福学派与伯明翰学派社会和理论生成语境比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Social Generation and Theoretical Generation of the Frankfurt School and the Birmingham School

法兰克福学派以社会批判思想著称,其对文化的关注开始于20世纪30年代,以批判传统的马克思主义为出发点,吸收了精神分析理念,对大众文化进行了彻底批判。而伯明翰学派却以大众文化研究而著名,其建立以来,逐步开始研究工人阶级、亚文化群体和大众媒介等问题,研究视角从文化精英主义过渡到大众文化。产生这种文化研究分歧的原因是二者社会与理论生成语境存在差异。因此,基于法兰克福学派和伯明翰学派的历史背景与主要人物观点,通过分析其社会和理论语境,得出同中有异的社会背景下,二者的主要理论来源大相径庭,影响了各自的文化研究方向的结论。

The Frankfurt school is famous for its social critical thoughts,its focus on cultural began in the 1930s It criticized the orthodox marxism as a starting point,absorbed the ideas of psychoanalysis,and carried on the thorough criticism in mass culture.And the Birmingham school is famous for mass culture research since its establishment,it gradually began to study the problem such as the working class,subculture groups and mass media,One research angle of view it the cultural elitism to mass culture.The reason for the divergence of cultural studies is that there are differences between the two social and theoretical generation contexts.Therefore,based on the Frankiurt school and the Birmingham school of historical background and the main characters point of view,it analyzes its social and theoretical context.It is concluded that under the same in different social background,their main theories it source,affect their culture research direction.