学龄前儿童气质特征对运动机能相关指标的影响

Effects on Preschool Children's Temperament Characteristics on Indexes of Motor Function

通过分析3~6岁学龄前儿童气质维度与其运动机能水平之间的关联性,进一步探讨学龄前儿童气质特征对运动机能的影响。方法:运用NYLS(3~7岁)儿童气质量表对455名3~6岁在园儿童(男242名,女213名)家长进行调查,并应用场地测试法进行运动机能相关指标测定。结果:男、女童在活动水平、趋避性和反应阈3个维度间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在坐位体前屈、闭目单脚站立、闭目原地踏步四项指标中存在显著性差异(P<0.05);线性回归模型发现:在控制性别、年龄、出生体重等因素后,趋避性分别与BMI呈显著性正相关(β=0.729,P=0.012),与立定跳远、闭目单脚站立、15s速度跳跃呈显著性负相关(β=-2.559,P=0.041;β=-0.805,P=0.016;β=-0.484,P=0.031);坚持度与15s速度跳跃存在显著性相关(β=0.617,P=0.026);反应阈与闭目原地踏步呈显著性负相关(β=-1.310,P=0.043)。结论:学龄前儿童气质维度存在性别差异,运动机能相关指标与气质维度显著相关,可为运动员早期选材及幼儿园体育教学活动的个性化开展提供理论借鉴。

This study sought to assess the relationship between 3~6 years old preschool children temperament characteristics and the level of motor function,to further explore the influence of temperament on motor function.Methods:NYLS(3~7 years)parent temperament questionnaire was conducted on temperament characteristics among 3~6 years old preschool children(male 242 and female 213).The indicators of motor function were measured by field-based fitness.Results:There was a significant difference between gender(P<0.05),such as activity level,approach with drawal,threshold of response.The indicators of BMI,sit and reach test,stand alone and marching with eyes closed were significant different between gender.Linear regression model found that there was a significant positive correlation between approach with drawal and BMI(β=0.729,P=0.012)after controlling gender,age and other factors.Respectively,approach with drawal was also negatively correlated with standing broad jump,stand alone and 15-second speed bounce test(β=-0.559,P=0.041;β=-0.805,P=0.016;β=-0.484,P=0.031);persistence was significantly correlated with 15-second speed bounce test(β=0.617,P=0.026).There was a significant negative correlation between the threshold of response and marching with eyes closed(β=-1.310,P=0.043)Conclusion:There are gender differences in the temperament dimension of preschool children,and the related indexes of motor function are significantly related to the characteristics of temperament dimension,which can provide theoretical reference for the early selection of athletes and the individualization of kindergarten physical education teaching activities.