张岱书牍的学术价值

On Academic Value of Zhang Dai's Letters

张岱的书牍具有重要的文学与文献价值,蕴涵了他的文学观念、艺术理论、史学思想、治学之道。张岱完善了"诗中有画"的理论,主张诗歌创作贵在空灵,批评几社成员出于"乡情"褒"七子"而贬竟陵,强调选诗应坚持"心有定见""自出手眼""以诗品为主"的原则去粗取精。在艺术上,张岱不乏真知灼见,他超越了"诗画一体"的观念;反对"怪幻"的传奇创作,认为戏曲创作应真实自然,以情感人,追求中和之美;提出"练熟还生"的独到见解;对于园林题词,注重雅俗共赏、环境与题词相得益彰;张岱对茶道颇为精通,在茶道中感悟人生,追求精神超越。张岱以存史为己任,修史时秉承了实录与求真的精神。

The letters of Zhang Dai are of great literary and documentary values,for they contain his literary idea,artistic theory,historical thought and way of scholarship.Zhang Dai makes the theory of Painting-in-poetry perfect,advocating that poetry is valued for being dreamy.He criticizes the members of Ji Association who praise the Seven-Poets School and belittle the Jingling School because they proceed from provincialism.Zhang Dai stresses that anyone should adhere to the principle that has a definite opinion and original idea,gives priority to excellent poetry when he edits poetry.Zhang Dai has a penetrating judgment on art and surpasses the concept of tasting poems and drawing as a unit.Zhang Dai opposes the strange style of poetic dramas and thinks that plays should be true and natural,making the audience moved,and that a dramatist should pursue the aesthetics of the neutral and harmonious.Zhang Dai advances the original view that artists are expected to achieve the ideal state of looking crude.Zhang Dai thinks that the inscription of gardens should not only suit both refined and popular tastes,but also complement each other.Zhang Dai masters the tea ceremony,through which he experiences life and seeks freedom of spirit.Zhang Dai takes preserving history as his duty,so he has a realistic approach when he writes history.