早期海上贸易中的越窑青瓷及相关问题讨论

Yue Kiln Green Wares Found in the Early Maritime Trade Period of the 9-10^(th) Centuries and Related Issues

越窑是中国古代早期海上贸易中最重要的一类输出品,并且随着时间的不同,其在输出品中的地位有所不同,对其研究具有重要意义。本参考古代文献,并依据考古资料,探讨了越窑在9—10世纪海上贸易中的输出范围和规模。近年来在爪哇海发掘的井里汶沉船中出水了30万件以上的越窑瓷器,器类、造型和装饰十分丰富。沉船和遗址的考古资料表明,越窑外销的高峰在10世纪后半叶;而外销的高峰时期也恰好是越窑瓷器生产的极盛时期,而非以往从文献得出的生产高峰时期在晚唐五代时期的观点;由于在井里汶沉船中出水的部分瓷器与皇家遗址中出土的越窑瓷器相同,说明当时官方对越窑生产的监管同时肩负贡御和外销瓷器生产的任务,10世纪后半叶越窑的外销具有官方掌控的某些性质。

Yueware is the most important export product of Ancient Chinese early maritime trade.As time went by,its position in export cargos changed,which is of great significance for this research.This articlereferences ancient literature records,based on the archaeological finds,and discussesthe Yue wareexport range in 9-10 century maritime trade as well as the scale of export.In recent years,a shipwreck was excavated in the Java Sea Cirebon region,with more than 300,000 pieces of Yueware recovered rich in type,shape and decoration.The Yue wares found at shipwrecks and in ancient sitesoutside China showed that Yue export warewas very prosperous during the second half of the 10th Century.This period was the export peak of Yuewares;while the export peak period also happened to be the golden age of Yuewaremanufacture,instead of the previous point of view of late Tang to Five Dynasties period(mid-9th Century to mid-10th Century)was the most prosperous time according to some literary records.Some of theYuewares from the Cirebon Shipwreck were similar to thoseunearthed from royal sites of the same period.This suggests that both of them were official usedwares.In this case,the Song dynasty government supervised Yue ware manufacture for both official tributeand export.The second half of the 10th Century saw the export of Yue ware having the characteristic of being government-controlled.