我国公众环境意识的代际差异及其影响因素

Intergenerational Gap of Chinese Public Environmental Awareness and the Determinants

利用"2013年中国社会状况综合调查"数据,对我国公众的环境意识进行分析。结果发现:出生在改革开放后的年轻人和出生在改革开放前的年长者的环境意识存在代际上的差异,年轻人的环境意识水平整体上高于年长者的环境意识水平。年轻人与年长者的环境意识的代际差异主要是因为各自的影响因素不同。首先,年轻人的环境意识主要受到家庭人均年收入、社会保障水平、政治面貌、传统媒介使用频率、新媒介使用频率的影响;其次,年长者的环境意识主要受到政治面貌、是否受过高等教育、新媒介使用频率的影响;最后,由客观阶层地位(即职业地位)、主观阶层地位(即社会经济地位的主观认同)、单位性质、户籍性质、政治面貌等组成的"社会结构因素"对年轻人的环境意识的影响作用最大,而由是否受过高等教育、传统媒介使用频率、新媒介使用频率组成的"文化因素"对年长者的环境意识影响作用最大。

Based on the data from"2013 Chinese General Social Survey",this paper analyzes the Chinese public environmental awareness.The analysis reveals that there are intergenerational gaps of environmental awareness between the young people who were born after the reform and opening up and the older persons who were born before the reform and opening up.And the gaps are mainly because the determinants are different according to the further analysis.Firstly,young people′s environmental awareness is mainly affected by the family income per head,the social security level,political status,and the use frequency of the traditional media and new media.Secondly,the older people′s environmental awareness is mainly affected by political status,the higher education whether they have received,and the use frequency of new media.Finally,the"social factor",which is composed of objective class status(occupation status),subjective class status(subjective identity of the social and economic status),unit nature,household nature and political status,has the greatest impact on the young people′s environmental awareness.And the"cultural factor",which is composed of whether they have received higher education and the use frequency of the traditional media and new media,has the greatest impact on the older people′s environmental awareness.