考虑生态流量分级约束的跨流域引水与供水优化调度研究

Model of Multipurpose Trans-basin Water Diversion and Reservoir Ecological Operation Based on Ecological Flow Range

针对大型引水工程由于改变了河流自然流态,受水城区生产生活用水与生态环境用水矛盾突出的问题,将大伙房输水工程与大伙房水库供水联合优化调度作为典型案例,以浑江下游与大伙房水库地区用水需求、环境流态因子为优化子目标,引入3个引水比例与36个旬水库蓄水量共39个决策变量,采用遗传算法搜寻引水比例与水库蓄水量最佳解。结果表明:优化方案平均年引水量为17 242万m3,比原计划引水量少638万m3,对浑江流域生产生活用水、生态环境用水与大伙房水库生态环境用水之间的矛盾有显著改善;依据整体生产生活缺水与整体环境流态因子的权重,设定了多种模型子目标的权重分配组合,能够恰当地反映缺水量与环境流态因子两者间的相关性,水库调度运行管理者可以根据需要调整权重,获得满足需水条件的引水比例与水库蓄水规线。研究成果可以为大型水利工程运行管理决策提供参考。

Large water diversion project has changed the natural flow regime in rivers,and has brought about out-standing conflict between domestic water demand and eco-environmental water demand.With water demand and environmental flow components as sub-goals of optimization,the optimal combination of water diversion ratio and reservoir water storage is searched by using genetic algorithm with 39 decision variables,including 3 water diversion ratios and 36 reservoir storage levels.The trans-basin joint operation of Dahuofang water diversion project and Dahuofang reservoir is taken as a typical case study.Results conclude that the average annual water diversion amount is 172.42 million m 3,which is 6.38 million m 3 smaller than the original plan,obviously alleviating the conflict between the domestic and ecological water demand in the Hunjiang river basin and the ecological water demand in Dahuofang reservoir.Moreover,according to the weights of holistic domestic water shortage and environmental flow component,many combinations of sub-goals with different weights are designed to reflect the correlation between water shortage and environmental flow component.Decision-makers of reservoir operation could obtain the water diversion ratio and reservoir water storage which meets the water demand by adjusting the weights.The research results would offer reference for the decision-making of large hydro-projects.