基于栅格尺度的喀斯特槽谷区生态环境脆弱性时空分异研究

Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Ecological Environment Vulnerability in Karst Trough Region Based on Grid Scale

基于"敏感度-弹性度-压力度"模式,以贵州省典型喀斯特槽谷区印江县自然环境和社会经济2个方面的多种栅格数据为基础,采用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术建立栅格大小为30 m×30 m的生态环境脆弱性评价指标空间数据库,运用综合指数法、层次分析法得出综合评价结果,划分研究区生态环境脆弱程度等级。结果表明:潜在脆弱区和轻度脆弱区占研究区面积的比例较大,2010年和2015年分别为86.60%,87.37%;重度脆弱区和极度脆弱区面积占研究区面积比例较小;其中生态脆弱性较高的地方多分布于人口密度大、植被覆盖度较低、地形起伏较大以及人类活动强度高的区域。评价结果可为研究区的生态恢复重建和环境保护提供理论参考,构建的评价模型可以运用于省市级和县级区域生态环境脆弱性评价。

According to the raster data of natural environment and socio-economy of Yinjiang County,a typical karst trough region in Guizhou Province,we established the spatial database of eco-environmental vulnerability indexes with grid size of 30 m×30 m based on remote sensing(RS)and geography information system(GIS).The index system includes aspects of sensitivity,elasticity,and pressure.Moreover,the levels of ecological vulnerability are classified by using comprehensive index method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Results show that potentially and slightly vulnerable areas accounted for a large proportion of the study area,taking up 86.60%and 87.37%in 2010 and 2015 respectively;whereas heavily and extremely vulnerable areas accounted for a small proportion of the study area.Areas of high vulnerability mostly distributed in regions of large population density,low vegetation coverage,large topographic relief and high intensity of human activity.The research results would offer theoretical reference for the ecological restoration and reconstruction and the environmental protection of the study area,and the assessment model in the present research is applicable to the assessment of eco-environment vulnerability at provincial and municipal levels.