老年人自我养老能力问卷的编制与信效度检验

Development and validation of self-supporting ability questionnaire for elderly people

目的编制老年人自我养老能力测评问卷,为老年人自我养老能力的评估、干预提供测评工具。方法采用文献回顾、半结构质性访谈、Delphi专家咨询法构建老年人自我养老能力测评体系,经185名老年人预调查形成初始问卷,再调查571名老年人分析问卷的信、效度。结果正式问卷包括3个一级维度、7个二级维度、45个三级条目。问卷的CVI为0.911;方差累积贡献率为65.364%;一级维度与总问卷的相关系数为0.690~0.919,二级维度与总问卷的相关系数为0.585~0.861;问卷能够区分在年龄、居住地、经济状况、生活自理功能、自觉健康状况等方面的得分差异(均P<0.05)。总问卷的同质性信度(MIIc)为0.305、Cronbach′sα为0.952、分半信度为0.773。结论老年人自我养老能力测评问卷具有较好的信、效度,可作为老年人自我养老能力评估和干预的测评工具。

Objective To develop a self-supporting ability questionnaire for elderly people,and to provide an effective instrument for assessment and intervention of self-supporting ability for elderly people.Methods The evaluation system of self-supporting ability for elderly people were constructed via literature review,semi-structured qualitative interview and Delphi method,and the initial questionnaire was formed through pilot investigation of 185 elderly people,then 587 elderly people were investigated to analyze its reliability and validity.Results The formal questionnaire included 3 first-level dimensions,7 two-level dimensions and 45 three-level items.Its CVI was 0.911;the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 65.364%;the correlation coefficient of the first dimensions and the total questionnaire were 0.690-0.919,the correlation coefficient of the second dimensions and the total questionnaire were 0.585-0.861,and the scores for the elderly people with different age,residence,financial situation,self-care ability and self-perceived health condition were significantly different(P<0.05 for all).The MIIc of the questionnaire was 0.305,Cronbach′sαwas 0.952,and split-half reliability was 0.773.Conclusion The self-supporting ability questionnaire for elderly people has good reliability and validity,and it can be used as a tool for evaluation and intervention of self-supporting ability for elderly people.