大脑静脉和静脉窦的正常变异及常见病变的影像表现

The imaging manifestations of normal variations and common lesions of cerebral veins and venous sinuses

大脑静脉和静脉窦的解剖变异及病变种类较多,且临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断较为困难。由于小部分病变在急性期病情恶化及不可预见的演化,因此必须尽早对脑静脉血栓做出正确诊断,以便早期干预。CT和MRI等影像检查提供了良好的成像技术,能够提供解剖和血流的功能信息,是诊断大脑静脉和静脉窦病变的重要方法。对大脑静脉和静脉窦的正常变异、疾病谱及影像表现进行综述,提高对大脑静脉和静脉窦变异及病变的认识和诊断水平。

The anatomic variations and lesions of cerebral veins and venous sinuses have a wide spectrum.Diagnosis of lesions of cerebral veins and venous sinuses is difficult due to non-specificity of clinical manifestations among the various diseases.Because a small proportion of cases worsen in the acute phase,with unforeseeable evolution,cerebral venous thrombosis must be correctly diagnosed as early as possible so that specific treatment can be started.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)provide excellent techniques to acquire structural and functional information about blood flow,and play an important role in establishing a diagnosis in lesions of cerebral veins and venous sinuses.The purpose of this review was to summarize the spectrum of the anatomic variations and lesions of cerebral veins and venous sinuses and their imaging features to improve the understanding and diagnostic level.