小型生物质颗粒燃料锅炉燃烧室设计研究

Research on Combusting Chamber Design of Low-capacity Biomass Pellet Boiler

生物质能的开发利用越来越受到国际关注。在我国北方地区还有大量玉米秸秆没有得到能源化利用,小型锅炉作为生物质能转化装备其关键技术还有待突破与完善。为解决小型锅炉燃用玉米秸秆颗粒燃料过程中出现的问题,分析了燃用玉米秸秆颗粒燃料的小型锅炉燃烧室结构合理性设计的要求,设计了由象鼻状前炉拱和阶梯状火床组成的燃烧室结构,使玉米秸秆颗粒燃料的燃烧在燃烧室内分为气体燃烧区域和固体燃烧区域。经过在10kW热水锅炉燃烧玉米秸秆颗粒燃料的热工实验检验,该燃烧室结构解决了小型生物质锅炉焦油污染、燃烧不完全、不稳定以及玉米秸秆颗粒燃料灰渣结焦问题,为玉米秸秆能源化利用开辟了新途径。

Development and utilization of biomass energy has attracted more and more attention all over the world.Yet in northern China,there is still a large amount of corn stalk which has not been transformed into energy application.The key technical breakthroughs remain to be achieved for low-capacity boiler as a very important biomass conversion equipment.This research is aimed to solve the problems appeared in low-capacity boiler while utilizing corn stalk pellets,and analyzed rational design requirements of combusting chamber structure,a innovative arch structure and a stair-stepping grate were designed to divide the chamber into gas and solid combustion area separately.The combustion experiment results on a 10kW hot-water boiler utilizing corn stalk pellets indicated that the problems of tar pollution,incomplete and unsteady combustion,agglomeration were all well solved.It has provided a new approach of energy application mode of corn stalk.