玉米单倍体成熟胚组培加倍效果研究

Study on doubling effect of mature haploid embryo based on tissue culture in maize

以豫高诱一号(YHI-1)诱导系为父本诱导先玉335产生成熟单倍体子粒的胚为材料,采用MS培养基,用0.005%,0.01%,0.02%和0.03%的秋水仙素分别处理12,24和36 h,以不加秋水仙素的MS培养基为对照,统计成熟胚的成苗率以及成苗后单倍体植株的散粉率。结果表明,秋水仙素的质量分数越大,处理时间越长,成苗率越低,以0.005%质量分数的秋水仙素处理12 h,平均成苗率最高,达96.97%,0.03%的质量分数处理36 h最低,仅为24.23%,处理时间和质量分数之间存在极显著的互作效应。用较短时间(12 h)处理时散粉率随着秋水仙素质量分数的增加呈升高趋势,但在较高质量分数(大于0.01%)的秋水仙素条件下,散粉率随处理时间增加而降低。综合考虑散粉率和成活率,以0.005%的秋水仙素处理24 h最佳,综合效率达57.61%。

In this study,the haploid embryos from mature kernels of Xianyu335 induced by Yu High Inducer No.1(YHI-1),were treated with 0.005%,0.01%,0.02%and 0.03%colchicines for 12 hours,24 hours and 36 hours,respectively,with MS medium without colchicine as the control,to investigate the plantlet rate and the doubling rate of the haploid plant.The results showed that the higher the quality volume fraction of colchicine and the longer the treatment time was,the lower the plantlet rate was.The highest plantlet rate reached 96.97%when the haploid embryos were treated with 0.005%quality volume fraction of colchicine for 12 hours,while the treatment of 0.03%with 36 hours,the lowest plantlet rate was the only 24.23%when the haploid embryos were treated with 0.03%quality volume fractiron of colchicine for 36 hours.The interaction between the treatment time and quality volume fraction of colchicine existed significantly.The doubling rate of haploid plants increased with the higher quality volume fraction of colchicine in a short period of time(12 hours),but decreased with the increase of treatment time at higher quality volume fraction(more than 0.01%)of colchicine.Considering the plantlet rate and doubling rate,the treatment of 0.005%colchicine for 24 hours is the best,and the comprehensive efficiency could reach as high as 57.61%.