我国居家临终关怀服务发展的SWOT分析

SWOT Analysis on Development of Home-Based Hospice Care in China

随着人口老龄化以及疾病谱的改变,因慢性病以及衰老而临终的患者越来越多。临终关怀,尤其是居家临终关怀服务在提高临终患者生活质量方面显得尤为重要。全面查阅国内外相关文献,采用SWOT分析法对我国居家临终关怀服务发展的优劣势以及面临的机会和挑战进行分析。结果显示:优势是减轻临终者家庭经济负担、节约医疗资源、提高临终者的生活质量;劣势是传统生死观束缚、照护者能力不足、配套政策制度尚不健全;面临的机会是老龄化与疾病谱的改变、观念和认识的转变、社区卫生服务和家庭医生制度的发展;面临的挑战是空巢老人问题加剧、劳动力成本上涨、医患关系日益紧张。我国居家临终关怀服务发展应加强死亡教育、提升医护人员专业技能、加强患者家属相关知识技能培训,完善相关政策保障。

With the aging population and change of diseases pattern,there had been more and more terminal stage patients because of chronic diseases and aging.Home-based hospice care has its own advantage in improving these patients’living quality.This study employed desk-review and SWOT to analyze the development of home-based hospice care in China.The results showed that the strengths included home-based hospice care reducing economic burden,saving medical resources and improving the quality of life;the weaknesses included the influence by Chinese traditional view of death,and the ability of caregivers and supporting policies were insufficient;the opportunities included the aging population,transformation of diseases pattern,change of traditional view and knowledge,and development of community health services and general practitioner systems;the threats included the problem of empty nester,rising of labor costs and distrustful relationship between doctors and patients.We should strengthen hospice care education,improve the professional skills of medical staff and caregivers and perfect the relevant policies to develop home-based hospice care in China.