全纳教育改革发展方式审视——基于意大利学校一体化政策与我国随班就读政策的考察

Examining the Reform Patterns of Inclusive Education——Based on Italy’s School Integrated Policy and China’s Learning in Regular Classroom Policy

近半个世纪以来,发展全纳教育成为各国教育改革的共同目标,就如何实现这一目标,各国进行了不同形式的探索性改革。意大利凭借学校一体化政策,采取“激进”“全面”的改革方式,率先完成了从隔离到一体化再到全纳教育的转变,并最终建立起完全全纳教育体系。在我国,随班就读从民间自发到官方自为,逐渐成为我国改革特殊教育、发展全纳教育的一项重要教育政策。就全纳教育改革速度、范围和步骤而言,意大利学校一体化政策造就的是一种快速推进的激进式改革,而我国随班就读政策追求的是一种稳中求进的渐进式发展。借鉴我国传统文化中“和而不同”的思想,就各国如何确立适切的全纳教育发展方式进行追问和尝试性回答,以期丰富我们关于全纳教育发展方式的理解和认识。

For nearly half a century,the development of inclusive education has been a common goal of educational reform in all countries.In order to achieve this goal,different countries adopt different methods to reform.Based on radical and integrated reform,Italy firstly reform the segregated education,integrated education and inclusive education.In China,from civil to official,learning in regular classroom develops as a main way to promote inclusive education in our country.From the perspectives of speed,scope and step,Italy s school integrated policy is a radical way and China s learning in regular classroom policy is a gradual way to develop inclusive education.Implication from our traditional culture,the thought of“harmony in diversity”is employed.And departure from that,how to adapt a proper way to promote inclusive education is asking and the alternative answer is also being suggested.In doing so,it is our desire to enrich our understanding and knowledge in term of the journey towards inclusive education.