261份小麦品种基于农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of 261 bread wheat cultivars base on agronomic traits

以6个省份近20年来审定的261份小麦品种为材料,在3个环境下(保定,沧州,邢台)分别统计、测定7个重要农艺性状(抽穗期、成熟期、灌浆时间、灌浆速率、旗叶夹角、旗叶面积、千粒重),分析小麦品种的遗传多样性。结果表明:供试材料在3个环境下,7个农艺性状基本达到极显著相关水平,均能稳定表达且受环境作用较小。在7个农艺性状中,旗叶夹角的变异系数最大,为36.24%,成熟期的变异系数最小,为2.59%;陕西省、河北省、北京市、河南省、山西省、江苏省小麦品种遗传多样性指数依次为1.80,1.77,1.75,1.69,1.68,1.11;对261个小麦品种进行聚类分析,得到3个亚群,但各亚群间除旗叶面积以外的其他6个性状相差不大,表明供试材料间的亲缘关系较近,其遗传基础需要进一步拓宽。本研究可为小麦育种亲本选育提供参考和理论依据。

In this study,261 bread wheat cultivars registered in recent 20 years form 6 provinces were evaluated for 7 agronomic traits(heading stage,mature stage,grain filling time,filling rate,flag leaf angle,leaf area and grain weight)in three environments and genetic diversity of different varieties were analysised.The results showed that 7 agronomic traits of the tested materials reached very significant correlation level,and all of them could be expressed steadily in the 3 environments.Of the 7 agronomic traits,the variation coefficient of the flag leaf angle was the highest,36.24%,and the coefficient of variation was the lowest at mature period,which was 2.59%.The genetic diversity index(H′)of Shaanxi,Hebei,Beijing,Henan,Shanxi,Jiangsu provinces were 1.80,1.77,1.75,1.69,1.68 and 1.11,with an average value of 1.63.The 261 wheat varieties could be classified into three groups by cluster analysis,but a narrow genetic background was observed among the sub-groups,indicating that the genetic relationship of the tested materials was close,it is an urgent task for wheat breeders to explore and introduce diversified germplasm resources into wheat breeding program,which can provide references and theoretical bases for wheat breeding parents selection.